GWOT
The Global War on Terror: United States of America
Diwata S. Thomas
Masters in Public Administration: Florida State University
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction to the Global War on Terror
Peace and Security
Arms Control and Disarmament
Case Study: The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
Universal Human Rights
Current International Relations
Conclusion
Bibliography: Works Cited
Abstract
The global war on terrorism (GWOT) is a concept that involves the political, social, cultural and military combat against nations and militias that go against the current international affairs. Americans have spent decades after world war II working towards collective action agreements with nations that were once in opposition. The American political system has built new mechanisms to combat radical ideologies and imposed cultural beliefs that are backed by insurgents and militia terrorist organizations. The world has progressed towards interconnectivity which has also brought many nations to make new alliances with state actors and intergovernmental organizations. The importance of this article is to enlighten the reader on the types of terrorist organization tactics, historical prevalence, and mechanisms for counterterrorism.
Intergovernmental organizations have worked towards globalization guidelines that assist smaller nations to build their political economic stance for collective security. The regional peace and security of many nations falls on the ability for nations to work together in unity without threats to their national sovereignty. The United States is the world leader in collective security and the preventative actions for terrorist organizations. National sovereignty, peace and security are essential components of the American international affairs agenda for the Biden-Harris administration. The possibilities of new nation building tactics and counterterrorism methods will advance the ideological bases of international governance around the world. The global war on terrorism is a world campaign against tranny and the provoked coercion of civil conflicts and faltering national governments. This article will immerse the reader into the international affairs against terrorism and the necessity of peace on earth.
Keywords: ideology, terrorist threats, recruiting, counter terrorist tactics
The Global War on Terrorism: United States of America
Introduction
Historically, the Al-Qaeda terrorist group was created after the fall of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. Strategically, the Afghanistan region was a natural oil industry which is what the Soviets wanted control. However, the Soviets finally left after a long occupation from December 24, 1979 - February 15, 1989 due to the civil conflict with the Afghan people who fought against them. Once the Afghan people gained their independence from the Soviet Union they formulated a cultural identity that was centralized and divergent from western ideologies. Saddam Hussein was a rich prince that took wealth from Kuwait until he was kicked out of the country. Former United States President Clinton’s administration was dealing with the international dispute and the Balkans and Kosovo in 1999. The Balkans and Kosovo were significant during the Clinton administration with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) invasion of Kosovo to stop injustice and human rights violations.
The Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) started after the World Trade Center terrorist attack by Al-Qaeda leaders on September 11, 2001. Former United States President George H.W. Bush made a counterterrorist mission called Operation Enduring Freedom which lasted from October 7, 2001 - December 31, 2014. Former President Bush announced to the American people that we would be fighting the Taliban terrorist organization in Afghanistan and Al-Qaeda. The Bush administration’s Operation Enduring Freedom used the “dark side” of the intelligence community stated by Former Vice President Dick Cheney. The Bush administration's methods created the use of enhanced interrogation techniques and extraordinary rendition.
After hitting the Taliban hard with United States military service men and women, Former President Barack Obama’s administration was very involved in the next international dispute called “Arab Spring” in Libya and Syria. Both Libya and Syria had known terrorist organizations according to the Department of State. The Obama Administration fosters the use of surgical drone strikes to hit targeted Taliban militants check points, zones and weapons stockpiles. The counter terrorism messages portrayed the United States as a global hegemon and which would give holistic solutions to the regional social-economic issues.
“Protecting the Iraqis” was a counter terrorism measure for human rights abuses of Iraqi citizens and the controlling terrorist groups Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Osama bin Laden was a master at getting funding for weapons and recruiting young soldiers to control a region before he was killed out of Kuwait. After 9/11, Osama bin Laden went underground in caves and limited communication but still controlling the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization. Eventually, the Barack Obama administration found Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011 in Pakistan. After which the American efforts to combat international terrorist continued throughout the next presidential administrations. The most significant American ideal that occurred during the global war on terrorism was international peace and security. The American efforts around the globe to secure regional peace as a global leader was significant. Different regional civil conflicts arose that made peace and security hard for the American intelligence community. Many of the directives for peace and security were made through collective international organizations and nongovernmental organizations for specific regional causes. The American presidential administration tried relentlessly to assist in their international agendas to combat any international aggressors against the US-international policies.
Peace and Security
International peace and security measures have been evolving throughout the different United States Presidential administrations. Through interactions with different international governments and intergovernmental organizations, the United States has been able to keep their strong hold in many national security threats. For instance, the case study in Somalia 1991-1992, showed the country in desperate need for food, water, and protection. The national Somalian government was under direct threat due to famine, war clans and civilians fighting for control in their regions. More than 20 years later, the country was able to create a stable national government with the support of the African Union peacekeeping force deployed into the country. Contemporary threats of humanitarian crisis shows how terrorist groups can be linked between nonstate actors and criminal activities within a region.
George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton’s administrations excluded any further assistance except for humanitarian tasks. The United States objectives were a success in aiding the food to those in need and imposing a de facto cease-fire in the areas that US military forces were deployed. Yet, the bigger idea of peacekeeping in Somalia was limited, meaning that the UN was in control of the fight between the war militias and eliminating the security threat war lords created. The inspiring book Blackhawk Down, was based on the story of eighteen US soldiers who were killed by Aidid’s soldiers in the streets of Mogadishu. Continued United States peacekeeping missions with the United Nations gave the Clinton administration new directive in their position to African civil conflicts.
The Somalian war lords and clans negotiated the end to fighting and made several attempts to set up a transitional government who would be in control. Links between the Somali civil conflict in the 1990’s and the 9/11 attack was due to the establishment of the Islamic State in Somalia including the Islamic courts and charities through the self-governing Republic of Somaliland and Puntland State. There was a mediation with the Union of Islamic Courts (UIC), which was an effort to resolve the Somali territorial dispute through the Arab League which failed to reach an agreement. The United States response to the UIC who were taking over the civil conflict between the two Somalian self-represented governments was an air attack with the help of Ethiopia who sent troops as reinforcements. The terrorist organization al-Shabab continued to fight the United States efforts in relieving the international conflict between the two self-represented Somalian governments who were trying to become one transitional government entity. Al-Shabab created a major humanitarian crisis including severe famine and millions of displaced people due to street conflicts.
Throughout the peacekeeping tactics the Clinton administration worked to strengthen the Somali security forces that were being attacked by pirates who were based in the Puntland State area. By 2013, the Somali security threats were diminished yet al-Shabab attacked non-Muslims in Kenya and Ethiopia in 2014 which continued the multifaceted international conflicts between nonstate actors and international governments. Somalia was a complex international dispute that was a failure of the UN to peacefully resolve the conflict post-Cold War tensions and shows the importance of state security in relation to neighboring countries.
Collective security is based on the concept that states that have a collective interest will work together to counter any aggression against their unified peace. States will be committed to defending other states in the instance that there is an attack from another state or member of the arrangement. Intergovernmental organizations including the League of Nations, NATO, and United Nations (UN) were created on this concept of collective security which utilizes resources in regional conflicts and peacekeeping to resolve disputes.
Interstate conflicts have created international danger from non-state actors, terrorism, large-scale humanitarian crises, weapons of mass destruction and climate change. The process of human security has evolved into different sectors of state governance to prevent other states from taking control. Gaining assistance from state allies that are active members of the intergovernmental organization can change the way a regional conflict is settled. For instance, after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, the UN security council approved Resolution 1368 which allows the US to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter. The US sought to relive the aggression that was created by the Taliban regime and al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan. The US began operation enduring freedom which was a peacekeeping and peacebuilding mission to build a Afghan government, with the resurgence of the Taliban, who would work to prevent international terrorist attacks.
The US has a policy that decides if a country shows direct aggression towards the US then we have the right to sanction them. Typical acts of aggression would be coercion, tranny, state sponsoring terrorist actors, harboring terrorist, and deception of US official representatives. The sanctions can come from military operations, routine training programs, invasion and monopolizing regional economic markets. In 2001, non-governmental organizations, human rights groups and independent research centers created new proposals for smart sanctions which were intended to keep the pressure on Iraq to comply with disarmament. The smart sanctions were a humanitarian action against a foreign aggressor that was prone to use state sponsored terrorist groups to force new economic and pollical control. In the case of Iraq 2001, the Iraqi oil wealth and imports was being used to produce weapons of mass destruction. The sanctions were placed to take the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) out of the hands of Saddam Hussein who was a volatile individual prone to use fear and tranny against his own people.
Target sanctions have the best ability to be effective in the fight in regional ideologies and political methods of global governance. Embargos are the most effective sanctions because they are executive orders that restrict commerce with a country or an exchange of goods. Diplomatic sanctions usually involve suspensions from intergovernmental organizations and limiting diplomats’ travel to and from other countries for highly publicized events. Financial sanctions have the ability to freeze international banking services within the sanctioning countries' jurisdiction. Investment bans for international economic stakeholders can hurt an entire sector of their economic industry. Limits on banking services can reduce the amount of loans and credit available to international government commercial operations based in their country thus preventing new consumer products from being sold on the international market. Travel bans and aviation sanctions prohibit international transit by air or naval carriers which are used to get goods in and out of a country for profit. Commodity sanctions which are used to restrict trade on oil, timber, diamonds, produce, electronics, and other raw materials. The importance of sanctions on countries is to show a disciplined action against aggressors that do not cooperate with intergovernmental organizations or individual countries. Peace and stability often come from sanctions against countries that do not cooperate with the international order.
Arms Control and Disarmament
Disarmament involves limiting, controlling and reducing the weapons for war as a proposal to promote peace and stability. There have been countless proposals on the bases of disarmament to reduce regional acts of violence. National citizens can advocate the arms control of a county by redirecting funds for more socially peaceful activities. Humanitarian actions that speak out about the misuse of government arms can lead to new habits of cooperation and trust that will defuse highly threatening governmental control. Intergovernmental organizations like the UN and NATO have made substantial progress in the arms control race by limiting and reducing the amount of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons of mass destruction created by countries known for their regional aggression. The landmines, cluster munitions and small arms deals that are made between countries can be subject to international violations which prevent countries from larger economic achievements through international trade.
Although the intergovernmental organizations have made progress in many small arms deals, there have been concerns of nuclear weapons and nuclear energy production since President Dwight Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace” proposal in 1954. Atoms for Peace involved the US and Soviet Union who were creating the international regime for nuclear nonproliferation. Through the US-Soviet collaborations, we created the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1957 to spread the word about new atomic energy and preventing fissionable materials in the wrong hands. Collective bargaining the five declared nuclear weapon states (United States, Soviet Union/Russia, United Kingdom, France and China) and non-nuclear weapon states including India, Pakistan, Cuba, North Korea, and Israel who are not part of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). There have been countries like North Korea and Iran that have continued to test nuclear weapons that risk danger to international security, violations against humanity and causing environmental crises. We call states that have been de facto for nuclear weapons “rouge” states who have been targets due to the risk they pose for terrorist groups who coercion to gain nuclear weapons or materials. Rogue states are determined to acquire arms and materials to build their own weapons stockpiles. Recently, armed attacks by these non-nuclear states create fear and instability in the Middle East which could lead to Saudi Arabia and Egypt to seek nuclear weapons. Concerns about nuclear weapons have increased over the years since the first Atomic weapons were used in Japan during World War II. Yet, chemical and biological weapons have been a constant target that could possibly harm masses of citizens with a small dosage in a large food consumption industry.
UN security council resolution 1540 (2004) states that the all states shall refrain from providing any form of support to non-state actors that attempts to develop, acquire, manufacture, possess, transport, transfer or use nuclear, chemical or biological weapons for terrorism. The importance of resolution 1540 is to unite all the states in the council to prevent global war on a region or terrorist group. Preventing weapons and materials from getting acquired by terrorist groups or state sponsored groups for covert political gains.
Chemical weapons can be used with the same materials that are used in ordinary industrial and agriculture production. The new age of arms control proves that individuals who seek to kill millions of people can do so by tampering with the large industries that mass produce food shipped around the world. Campaigns against chemical and biological weapons state that these weapons are a clear violation of human rights, and are inhumane methods of modern warfare. The threat of terrorist organizations is clear because they are not bound to the international reciprocity of international governments, political affiliates, or economic controls.
The September 11, 2001 attacks and the anthrax scare in the United States promoted the international proposal for G-8 initiative in 2002 which created a Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction. George W. Bush pledged ten billion dollars to the global partnership in good faith that the money would be used to combat the critical threats of terrorism on the United States. (Karns, Mingst, Stiles, 2015) In another instance of intergovernmental organizations cooperating with disarmament plans, the Chemical weapons Convention (CWC) which was signed in 1993 also banned the production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention and usage of chemical weapons for warfare and testing.
The significance of the CWC is to keep national security measures around the international control and trade of chemical weapons and war materials. Similar to the Biological Weapons Convention, the complete destruction of all weapons and production facilities would take the United States, Libya and Russia decades to complete. This shows the increased rapid intergovernmental organization and not a specific country to country inspection due to the production of chemical and biological weapons to be distributed for quick and lethal combat. Beginning in the early 1997’s, there have been inspections of industrial and commercial production facilities to check if they were producing, stockpiling, and distributing illegal chemical and biological weapons. The inspections were often completed by an volatile state of the international community’s standards for chemical and biological weapons.
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) conducts hundreds of inspections on production facilities to ensure that they have been deactivated or converted to civilian uses instead of chemical and biological weapons. OPCW’s mission is to ensure that the development of new chemical weapons are eliminated, end the transfer of chemical weapons from one country to another, and to ensure that existing stocks of weapons are destroyed. The OPCW’s mission is to disarm countries from using poison or poisoned weapons, the use of arms, projectiles or material to cause unnecessary suffering. Certain aspects of chemical weapons are that they will be used to asphyxiate people causing intense suffering and painful deaths due to the exposure of chemical weapons. These injuries can have immediate death or prolonged disease and suffering for the rest of someone’s life if exposed in a highly concentrated dosage.
Current challenges to the OPCW’s mission is getting countries to convert chemical-weapons production facilities to civilian uses. Improving transparency and building confidence in the effectiveness of the regime for the prohibition of chemical weapons. Delivering on the request for production facilities to be inspected. Data from the declarations and inspections to be disseminated to State-members of the OPCW. These major issues have remained present in the OPCW and will need the support of member states to invest their time, money and resources in legitimate claims of chemical weapon production facilities.
The destruction technologies needed for chemical weapons to be completely irreversible and unsuitable for production must be enhanced to stop all possible chemical weapons technologies from being used again. The methods employed must comply with nationals and international safety emissions regulations which has been a recent issue during the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference. It is important for member states that are eliminating the threat of chemical weapons to stick with regulations and do not have open-pit burning, land burial or dumping into any body of water. These actions can be very harmful to human life and long term damages to the environment. It has been known that many chemical and biological weapons can stay active for many years until the chemical components have been through several half-life cycles. Destruction technologies can be high temperature destruction like plasma pyrolysis, incineration and explosive chambers. Low-temperature destruction technologies like neutralization and hydrolysis second treatments causing byproduct materials until finally disposable materials safeguarded from future uses.
Another type of disarmament is cluster munitions and landmines which have been used during wars and left in areas without disarmament production. It has been known that terrorist organizations have taken these cluster munitions and landmines for their plots and stockpiles. Terrorist organizations will use the landmines to protect their stockpiles and keep other militias from gaining control of essential areas of operations. International organizations must be working collaboratively to remove the landmines in these countries and destroy the materials left behind. Terrorism organizations like ISIS and sectors of the regime have been known to collect the landmines from previous WWI and WWII for their own weapons stock piles. The transformation of weapons by these terrorist organizations for combat use have been known to create lethal devices.
Security governance uses methods of preventative diplomacy, adjudication, mediation, peacekeeping and arms control to prevent global terrorism attacks. The evolution of many terrorist groups gives important solutions to the growing number of terrorist groups and recruits. Combating the root causes of the urgent threats on our democracy is vital to the global war on terrorism campaign. We can look at the case study of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria for the details into a specific terrorist organization and their methods of attracting new recruits, weapons, and terrorist tactics.
Case Study: The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
The Islamic State of Iraq (ISIS) is a radical jihadist group that is based in Iraq and has multiple bases of operation in Syria, Lebanon and Boko Haram. This terrorist organization developed from Al Qaeda and formed a more diverse and widely acceptable message spreading throughout the Middle East and North Africa. On April 10th, 2013, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi announced the merger of al-Nusra to form the Islamic State that expanded into Syria. (Shamieh & Zoltan, 2015, 5) The importance of this organization is their affiliation to multiple terrorist attacks around the world including France, America, and Great Britain. ISIS has developed a means of recruitment for young Muslim soldiers to fight for their religious righteousness. ISIS claims that their Muslim religion, power seeking and community acceptance is a motivation to fight for the ISIS cause. The organization wants to create a unified Muslim Islamic State of jihadist by engaging in financial supporters, local and cyber sympathizers.
The Islamic State uses multiple means of threats and tactics to involve terror across the world to gain their organizational goals. Thirty thousand international fighters have decided to fight for ISIS and ISIS holds territory in Iraq and Syria. ISIS controls lines of communication, commands infrastructure and state sponsored funding to keep their organization operational. ISIS uses extortion by targeting owners and producers in ISIS territories, taxing small family farms and larger enterprises like cell-phone service providers, water delivering companies, and electrical utilities. Brutality is their core message demonstrating videotaped beheadings, mass executions designed to intimidate foes and suppress dissent actors. Mainly, ISIS is using three types of strategies in the Iraqi region. First, mass targeting of civilians and popular sites causing brutality and terror among Shia, Christians, and other rivals. Secondly, targeting foreign military personnel and opposition supporters. Lastly, targeting internationals to send their message either through various outlets including mass media, brutal force and even death. (Shamieh & Zoltan, 2015, 9)
Recruitment messaging uses religious righteousness, adventure, personal power, sense of community as motivations to become a jihadist fighter. Some statistics say the number of fighters ranged from 7,000 to 12,000 with man recruits arriving daily. (Shamieh & Zoltan, 2015, 8) Quick availability to become a fighter gaining a short term gratification without younger people fully learning what ISIS elders really have planned against western states and their cultures. ISIS spreads its ideologies with sympathizers across the world. New cyber jihadist recruitment is a form of propaganda against any other ideology or culture that disagrees with the jihadist movement. Leader of ISIS Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi has called for Sunni youths to fight for ISIS, “I appeal to the youths and men of Islam around the globe and invoke them to mobilize and join us to consolidate the pillar of the State of Islam and wage jihad against the rafidhas (shia), the safadis of Shi’ites.” (Awan, 2017, 1)
Vulnerable to extremist ideologies using YouTube, Facebook and Twitter as platforms to announce recruitment and organizational goals. Propaganda rhetoric is used for transnational recruitment tactics broadcast and translated in different languages and countries such as Algeria, Libya, and Egypt. “Proudly support the Muslim cause”, used to appeal a religious righteous motivation. “Young men and Muslims in various parts of the world to fight for ISIS”, rhetoric to spread ISIS ideologies. (Awan, 2017) The internet is a means for terrorists to engage in psychological warfare, publicity, propaganda, fundraising, recruitment, networking, sharing information, and planning.” (Awan, 2017)
ISIS motivation and behavior to exploit the online environment by using global crises apparatus like in Iraq and Syria to create ideas. The symbolization created by these events regulate their environments and every aspect of their lives. Using this symbolization causes an emotional reaction that transfers to online hate groups and gives power to make judgements against the opposition. Types of ISIS sympathizers include the cyber mobs, loners, fantasists, thrill seekers, moral crusaders, narcissists and identity seekers. Searches through Twitter will populate thousands of accounts and retweets of ISIS related events and ideas. According to Awan, this study found 1,264 specific incidents of ISIS propaganda and hate related messages which could be constructed as inciting violence and actual offline physical threats. (Awan, 2017)
A proposal for ISIS counter terrorism propaganda on the internet include physically removing the offending propagandists through the US criminal justice process. Capturing these ISIS propagandists that are ghost users is vital to keeping ISIS ideas from spreading on the internet. Removing offending propaganda on social media platforms to counter radical jihadist ideologies. By removing propaganda used for recruitment, spreading terrorist ideas, and engages in illegal solicitation of funding, we can combat ISIS through the internet. Discrediting and undermining the group through active counter-propaganda measures, for instance creating positive social media feeds about Western countries. (Lieberman, 2017, 16)
Counter terrorism operations and counter insurgency are to determine the rate of legitimate ISIS threats. Strategy of offensive containment is a combination of limited military tactics and broad diplomatic strategy to halt ISIS expansion, isolate the group and degrade its capabilities. US intelligence agencies created Post 9/11 including the Department of Homeland Security, National Counterterrorism Center and Transportation Security Administration. Over fifty thousand reports of terrorism from these US agencies have been investigated. Another counterterrorism strategy is to attack the flow of money to the terrorist network. Department of Defense (DOD), US military and intelligence campaigns against terrorist threats launch raids and armed drone attacks to neutralize various ISIS threats. Trillion dollar US spending budget allocated through government agencies including FBI, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), DOD, US military branches to mitigate foreign and domestic insurgency groups that threaten US sovereignty.
Combating the jihadist movement in other developing countries is another global counter terrorist tactic lead by the US. The movement includes building relationships in local international communities, teaching religious messages in prisons before rehabilitation, and negotiating local grievances. Changing the core views that developing countries have of the US is key to mitigating any radical Islamic ideologies that are being spread by ISIS scare tactics. Air strikes can pin ISIS down and cut off supply routes of weapons, technologies, and ammunition.
The Trump administration worked to defeat ISIS by an aggressive campaign encompassing air strikes, drone attacks, special operation raids, and small deployments of regular ground troops in response to specific threats all in support of efforts by regional US partners. (Brands & Feaver, 2017) The balance between military enforcement and diplomatic relations is vital to ensuring a positive strategy for mission success. Avoiding too many troops and resources that might irritate the cooperating Muslim world is essential for international diplomacy.
The US response to ISIS is supporting local Iraqi and Syrian opposition. Operation Inherent Resolve was an air strike attack that destroyed and damaged 16,075 targets (tanks, military vehicles, staging areas, fighting positions, buildings) and killed a half dozen ISIS leaders and leading personnel. (Shamieh & Zoltan, 2015) The broader global response to ISIS brutality has been to cooperate with countries in opposition to terrorist acts and legitimate supporters. In the future, the US should stop downplaying the seriousness of the ISIS threat. Recognize that ISIS is targeting the youth and to create a better strategy to combat social media propaganda spread. (Gorka & Gorka, 2015) Surveillance on refugee individuals accepted for asylum or immigration process. Use an open-source intelligence plan for individuals or legitimate state actors with information on ISIS personnel, while removing communication paths to terrorist propaganda, ISIS rhetoric and extreme jihadist ideas.
US commander in Iraq General Llyod describes US-Iraqi relations in November 2011 as follows, “As we leave, we can expect to see some turbulence in security initially, and that’s become you’ll see various elements try to increase their freedom of movement and freedom of action.” General Lloyd continues saying, “there will probably be unfinished business for many, many years to come…” (Shamieh & Zoltan, 2015) General Llyod was right because ISIS has shown their freedom through spreading hateful accusations at Western countries. Through social media propaganda and spreading their ideologies, ISIS has planned and successfully followed through on various international attacks. Increased their rate of recruitment using the internet and have working insurgencies in different international countries. The US partners in combating ISIS terrorist threats is vast among several western countries. The threat of ISIS to the US will not stop anytime soon and create effective counterterrorism operations.
Since June of 2019, Matthew Tueller has been the U.S. ambassador to Iraq stating that in Syria there were large numbers of displaced people, which had an impact on US partners in Europe. The US has been fostering military engagement to strengthen the Iraqi government’s control on Islamic State by giving them a seat at the table. Although the former Trump and current Biden administrations have constituted a new democratic rule of law in the Middle East there are extreme issues of polarization, domestic violence, and illegitimate sovereignty. The next administrative actions must be to determine legitimate threats and reshape western ideologies to encompass an Arab world point of view. The significance of an Arab world point of view with a democratic rule of law would still give the Arab people a voice in their national and local government systems. The Arab people would be able to evolve their preexisting cultural traits to the new democratic rule of law that provides amenities to their current governance system. For instance, the people would allow women more rights to attire, walking outside, and household duties. The men would expand their current work environments to achieve new business opportunities to make profit. The businesses would still need to have protection against gang control.
Iraqi gangs in Baghdad look different than the Iraqi soldiers at checkpoints for incoming vehicles and ground transport systems. Gang members usually look mean and don’t wear uniforms but still are holding assault rifles or Glock 9 millimeter pistols. These weapons are easier to attain through local weapons shops that can be affiliated with a known terrorist organization to cut cheaper deals. However, the significance of the gang members at certain checkpoints create an operational caliphate area that is described as the ISIS controlled areas. It is vital for the United States to understand the psychological history of the Middle East because many of the recruitment techniques are facilitated by cultural beliefs and tribunal heritages. The global war on terrorism is a type of human rights and humanitarian aid to countries and regions that need assistance preventing civil conflict. The global movement for human rights is to organize masses of people to cooperate with other governments and limit the threat of gangs and violent actors.
Universal Human Rights
Universal Human Rights is a concept that gives all human beings the rights to a fair and free life without the oppression of governments or terrorist organizations that suppress individual self-determination. The human trafficking issue for human beings have been a global issue for terrorist organizations that are involved with recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of people by threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception or abuse of power. Terrorist organization will use threats and use of aggressive force to capture people into a slave trade system. These individuals caught in the system of modern slavery are subjects their their terrorist ruler and will be exploited for their goods and services. The essential problem with human trafficking and asylum-seekers who come from Southeast Asia, the Middle East and North Africa is that these people are displaced from their origin, They seek to live in destination countries like the United States and the European region. Displaced individuals create strain on the economic viability of destination countries because they are not legally able to work for a living.
International humanitarian normative must be created to pose protections on the religious and ethnic diversity of these individuals that migrate into other countries. The proposed threat of these asylum seekers and human trafficked people into the United States is that they will cause violence and crime in our society due to the harsh lifestyle they were subjected to. Many of these human traffickers have been traveling against their will at the cause of a terrorist organization who plans to use them for sexual or serviced favors. Contemporary protections against human traffickers' and terrorist groups have been in placed by the UN. The human rights campaign for all individuals to have their own self-determination and essential freedoms must be spread in areas of the globe that work against human freedoms. The western countries have set the standard for human rights and their economic dominance in international and regional governance. The significance of the western countries to advance human rights standards is to prevent human trafficking and terrorist destinations in the region.
Nongovernmental organizations (NGO) have their role in the global war on terrorism by advocating against human rights violations. NGOs can educate the population, drafting human rights conventions, monitoring, shaming, and prosecuting human rights abusers. NGOs can gather in union to provide resources and assistance to rehabilitate hu